Active and Passive voice
The formula of active voice is a common structure of a sentence; it should consist of subject, verb and object. If we want to change the structure into passive voice, we should change some of the elements in the sentence. The formula both of the voices are shown below:
- Active voice
In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb. Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the active voice.
S + V + O + adjective/adverb
- Passive voice
One can change the normal word order of many active sentences (those with a direct object) so that the subject is no longer active, but is, instead, being acted upon by the verb - orpassive.
S + to be + VIII + by + O + Adjective/adverb
- Examples of the sentences : (Active -> Passive)
- Firdaus gives Ika a present in her birthday.
Ika is given a present in her birthday by Firdaus.
- Adi punched the thief yesterday.
The thief was punched by Adi yesterday.
- Firdaus wrote application letter for his company.
Application letter was written by Firdaus for his company.
- Firdaus kicks the ball.
The ball is kicked by Firdaus.
- Isna brings the magazine.
The magazine is brought by Isna.
- Dessy is washing dishes.
The dishes is being cleaned by Dessy.
- The students have given the English books back.
The English books have been given back by the students.
- They printed the paper last night.
The paper was printed by them last night.
- Irma was cooking the rice.
The rice was being cooked by Irma.
- Yunita will finish all the homework tonight.
Tonight, all the homework will be finished by Yunita.
- Examples of the sentences : (Passive -> Active)
- I am called by my friend.
My friend calls me.
- Our grandmother is visited by us every 5 months
We visit our grandmother every 5 months.
- This plant is watered by me every day.
I always water this plant every day.
- My money is always taken by Ferlyan at school.
Ferlyan always takes my money at school.
- My toys are always broken by my little brother when he is angry.
My little brother always breaks my toys when he is angry.
- Resti’s leg is being bitten by the dog.
The dog is biting Resti’s leg.
- The novel is being read by him.
He is reading a novel now.
- The pizza is being delivered by the man at the moment.
The man is delivering a pizza at the moment.
- The mails are being sent by the post man at the present.
The postman is sending the mails at the present.
- The good song is being sung by her now.
She is singing a good song now.
In passive voice, there is also positive, negative and interrogative form of the sentence. The form is like the common formula. The example as follow:
| Positive | Interrogative |
1. The boy is accompanied by his family.
| 1. Is the boy accompanied by his family? |
2. The tiger is killed by the hunter.
| 2. Is the tiger killed by the hunter? |
3. They are leaved by the teacher.
| 3. Are they leaved by the teacher? |
4. We are cheated by the officer.
| 4. Are the cheated by the officer? |
5. The garden is cleaned by Lisa.
| 5. Is the garden cleaned by Lisa? |
| Negative | Who – question |
| 1. The boy is not accompanied by his family. |
1.Who is accompanied the boy?
|
| 2. The tiger is not killed by the hunter. | 2. Who is killed the tiger? |
| 3. They are not leaved by the teacher. | 3. Who are leaved by the teacher? |
| 4. We are not cheated by the officer. | 4. Who are the cheated to us? |
| 5. The garden is not cleaned by Lisa. | 5. Who is cleaned the garden? |
NOTE :
| Tenses | Patterns |
| Simple present | Am / are / is + Past participle (VIII) |
| Present continuous | Am / are / is being + Pas participle (VIII) |
| Simple past | Was / were + Past participle (VIII) |
| Past continuous | Was / were being + Past participle (VIII) |
| Present prefect | Have / has been + Past participle (VIII) |
| Past perfect | Had been + Past participle (VIII) |
| Will future | Will be + Past participle (VIII) |
| Future perfect | Will have been + Past participle (VIII) |
| Going to future |
Am / are / is going to be + Past participle (VIII)
|
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